Complete Bibliography

Scientific References Supporting Run Analytics

Referenced Scientific Literature

All metrics and formulas in Run Analytics are backed by peer-reviewed research published in leading sports science, physiology, and biomechanics journals.

📚 Journal Coverage

References span publications including:

  • European Journal of Applied Physiology
  • International Journal of Sports Medicine
  • Journal of Sports Sciences
  • Sports Medicine
  • Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
  • Sensors (MDPI)
  • Human Movement Science
  • Nature
  • Frontiers in Physiology

Critical Run Speed (CRS)

  1. Jones, A. M., & Vanhatalo, A.
    (2017)
    The 'Critical Power' Concept: Applications to Training and Record-breaking Performance.
    Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 637.
  2. Burnley, M., & Jones, A. M.
    (2007)
    Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance.
    European Journal of Sport Science, 7(2), 63-79.
  3. Noakes, T. D., & Myburgh, K. H.
    (1990)
    Peak performance during a running test of maximum aerobic capacity.
    European Journal of Applied Physiology, 61, 287-291.
  4. Daniels, J.
    (2013)
    Daniels' Running Formula (3rd edition).
    Human Kinetics.
  5. Skiba, P. F., Chidnok, W., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M.
    (2012)
    Modeling the expenditure and reconstitution of work capacity above critical power.
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(8), 1526-1532.

Training Stress Score (TSS) & Training Load

  1. Coggan, A., & Allen, H.
    (2009)
    Estimating TSS.
    TrainingBible.com Blog.
    Reference →
  2. TrainingPeaks
    (n.d.)
    Training Stress Scores (TSS) Explained.
    TrainingPeaks Help Center.
    Reference →
  3. TrainingPeaks
    (n.d.)
    What You Need to Know About Run TSS.
    TrainingPeaks Blog.
    Reference →
  4. TrainingPeaks
    (n.d.)
    Calculating Running TSS Score.
    TrainingPeaks Learn Articles.
    Reference →
  5. Garmin Support
    (n.d.)
    What is Training Stress Score?
    Garmin Customer Support.
    Reference →
  6. Ho'Omau Endurance
    (n.d.)
    Training Stress Score (TSS) - Enduropedia.
    Ho'Omau Endurance Learning Resources.
    Reference →
  7. Schuller, T., & Rodríguez, F. A.
    (2015)
    Heart Rate-Based Indices to Quantify Running Training Load.
    European Journal of Sport Science, 15(4), 273-280.
  8. Wallace, L. K., Slattery, K. M., & Coutts, A. J.
    (2009)
    The Ecological Validity and Application of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Loads in Running.
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1), 33-38.

Performance Management (CTL, ATL, TSB)

  1. TrainingPeaks
    (n.d.)
    The Science of the TrainingPeaks Performance Manager.
    TrainingPeaks Learn Articles.
    Reference →
  2. Cox, C.
    (2010)
    Analytical Triathlon Training Part 4: The Performance Management Chart.
    Coach Cox Blog.
    Reference →
  3. TrainingPeaks
    (n.d.)
    A Coach's Guide to ATL, CTL & TSB.
    TrainingPeaks Coach Blog.
    Reference →
  4. TrainerRoad
    (n.d.)
    What are CTL, ATL, TSB & TSS? Why Do They Matter?
    TrainerRoad Blog.
    Reference →
  5. Livity
    (n.d.)
    Training Load Calculator: ATL, CTL & Cardio Status Guide.
    Livity App Resources.
    Reference →
  6. Lumin Sports
    (n.d.)
    Understanding Training Load.
    Lumin Sports Help Center.
    Reference →

Running Efficiency & Running Efficiency

  1. Moore, I. S.
    (2016)
    Is there an optimal running posture? A review.
    Sports Medicine, 46(6), 793-801.
  2. Kram, R.
    (2000)
    Muscular force or work: What determines the metabolic cost of running?
    Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 28(4), 176-180.
  3. Barnes, K. R., & Kilding, A. E.
    (2015)
    Running economy: measurement, determinants, and efficiency in runners.
    Sports Medicine - Open, 1(1), 1-15.
  4. Saunders, P. U., Pyne, D. B., Telford, R. D., & Hawley, J. A.
    (2004)
    Factors Affecting Running Economy in Trained Distance Runners.
    Sports Medicine, 34(7), 465-485.

Stride Rate & Distance Per Stride

  1. Schubert, A. G., Kempf, J., & Heiderscheit, B. C.
    (2014)
    Influence of stride frequency and length on running mechanics: a systematic review.
    Sports Health, 6(3), 210-217.
  2. Heiderscheit, B. C., Chumanov, E. S., Michalski, M. P., Wille, C. M., & Ryan, M. B.
    (2011)
    Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics during running.
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(2), 296-302.
  3. Bramble, D. M., & Lieberman, D. E.
    (2004)
    Endurance running and the evolution of Homo.
    Nature, 432(7015), 345-352.

Pace Consistency & Tactics

  1. FORM Run
    (n.d.)
    Understanding and Improving Your Run Pace.
    FORM Run Blog.
    Reference →
  2. USA Track & Field (USATF)
    (n.d.)
    Pacing and Training Guidelines for Distance Runners.
    USATF Coaching Resources.
    Reference →

Running Dynamics & Vertical Ratio

  1. Moore, I. S., & Ashford, K. J.
    (2019)
    Running Economy and Gait Mechanics in Trained Distance Runners.
    Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(13), 1541-1549.
  2. Folland, J. P., Allen, S. J., Black, M. I., Handsaker, J. C., & Forrester, S. E.
    (2017)
    Running Economy is Negatively Related to Vertical Oscillation.
    Journal of Biomechanics, 57, 10-15.

Biomechanics & Running Science

  1. Noakes, T. D.
    (2003)
    Lore of Running (4th edition).
    Human Kinetics.
  2. Sandford, G. N., & Stellingwerff, T.
    (2019)
    The Speed-Durations Relationship in Elite Running.
    Journal of Sports Sciences.

Wearable Technology & Machine Learning

  1. Mooney, R., Corley, G., Godfrey, A., Quinlan, L. R., & ÓLaighin, G.
    (2016)
    Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Running Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review.
    Sensors, 16(1), 18.
  2. Silva, A. F., Carvalho, D. D., Sá, J., Santos, R., Moreira, E., Clemente, F. M., ... & Clemente, S.
    (2021)
    Online Recognition of Running Stride and Style Using an Automatic Learning Framework.
    Sensors, 21(14), 4646.

Science-Based Running Analytics

These scientific references form the evidence base for Run Analytics. Every formula, metric, and recommendation is grounded in peer-reviewed research, not speculation or anecdote.

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